Grey transformation of the hottest captive power p

The essence of regulating captive power plants is to define and redefine the identity of captive power plants in the market economy under the new situation. Behind it is the transformation of government governance. It cannot be simply placed as the victim of the reform interest game and "punished faster". The captive power plant is the reference for the power system reform to advance to the deep water area, projecting the perspective of the stakeholders. At the same time, it also opens the thinking space for re combing the electricity price formation mechanism and reasonably planning the power supply layout

it is not the public opinion that "hypes the cold rice", and the self owned power plant was listed in the "hot search list" of the new power reform. Perhaps even the "parties" were stunned - compared with the reform in other fields, the more low-key coal-fired captive power plants were once again pushed into the air of public opinion. This wave of "operation" came from the 24 governance opinions on the construction and operation of coal-fired captive power plants nationwide put forward by the General Office of the national development and Reform Commission in March this year in the "special governance plan for the standardized construction and operation of coal-fired captive power plants (Exposure Draft)"

the standardized governance of coal-fired captive power plants may be unexpected, but it is also expected. As early as 2004, the national development and Reform Commission and the former State Electricity Regulatory Commission issued the notice on issues related to the further implementation of differential electricity prices and charging policies for captive power plants, and the issue of collecting relevant fees from captive power plants has been on the table more than 10 years ago; Meanwhile, the relevant policies launched by the state have also shown their attitude towards the "additional effect" caused by the disorderly development of coal-fired captive power plants. Until 2015, as one of the six supporting documents of the new power reform, the guiding opinions on strengthening and standardizing the supervision and management of coal-fired captive power plants once again clarified the country's determination to standardize the development of coal-fired captive power plants. However, compared with the solicitation of opinions 6. Adjusting the active and passive needles to zero, the attitude of the previous documents was relatively mild and the operation method was slightly simple

once the draft for comment, which is considered to be about to trigger the "strictest regulation storm in history", was published, it first caused a fierce exchange of public opinion from all walks of life. One party believes that the "poor profit of electricity price" has led to the disorderly construction of self owned power plants, which not only caused a huge waste of investment in power generation, transmission and distribution, but also seriously hindered the process of eliminating backward production capacity in the country; The other side believes that the emergence and development of captive power plants has a special history and institutional evolution, which is a historical product of the government's encouragement of "multiple power plants" and the approval of multiple departments and authorities. Today, after coming out of the "power shortage", the society needs to re-examine the survival value of captive power plants

"extra children" or "hidden worries under prosperity", the contribution of self owned power plants to China's economic take-off during the "severe power shortage" period is indelible, and the installed capacity is more than 140million kW, accounting for nearly 16% of the total installed coal-fired capacity of the country

the continuous growth of the "non staff team" not only has the "temptation" of low-cost electricity consumption triggered by the current unreasonable electricity price level, but also "benefits" from the comprehensive consideration of national industrial policies, local economic development and the optimal utilization of regional resource endowments

the reality cannot be ignored. At present, there are still a large number of coal-fired captive power plants in China that are built before approval and inconsistent with approval; The low level of operation and maintenance will also lay some hidden dangers for the safe operation of electricity; At the same time, due to the "unknown identity" of the captive power plant, the safety supervision is still in a "black under the light" state. However, it is too general and mechanical to leave all the problems left over by history to the self owned power plant to pay for just starting from "not assuming the society"

"The essence of enterprise owned power plants is the mode of direct transaction between power plants within the same enterprise group and power users, so as to reduce product costs and improve the market competitiveness of enterprises. This is also the economic mode formed by the unreasonable power price formation mechanism in China at present, but the current management, operation and policy implementation are still not standardized, resulting in this form of power supply and consumption can not be widely promoted in the existing power industry environment." A relevant person in charge of the local energy regulatory office told, "it is true that there are many aspects of enterprise owned power plants that need to be standardized, but this is not the problem of the power supply and consumption form of self owned power plants itself. When regulating governance, it is more necessary to sort out and identify by classification, speed up the formulation of relevant laws and regulations, and scientifically guide the development of self owned power plants. At the same time, it is also necessary to accelerate the market-oriented reform and further rationalize the electricity price mechanism."

in the critical period of energy revolution and energy transformation, with the deepening of power system reform and supply side structural reform, China's electricity price structure and supply and demand situation have continued to undergo elastic fission for many years, while the constant is to reduce energy costs and pursue high-quality development of the power industry. In the superposition period of the new economic normal and loose power supply and demand, the wisdom and determination of reform operators are indispensable to how to deal with the issue of standardized development of captive power plants

"there is no doubt that 'standardization' is the only way for the development of captive power plants, which can no longer rise savagely. But in the implementation, we should pay attention to strategies and methods, not 'one size fits all', respect history, respect its instinctive driving force to create social value, and continue to play its due role by taking advantage of its own advantages, becoming a useful supplement to public power plants." The relevant person in charge of the Energy Research Institute of the national development and Reform Commission introduced to

it has been more than July since the end of the consultation of the exposure draft, and the official documents have been difficult to find. It is not difficult to see the difficulty of balancing the interests of all parties and the significance of coordinating the coordinated development of industry and economy

the essence of standardizing captive power plants is to define and redefine the identity of captive power plants in the market economy under the new situation. Behind it is the transformation of government governance. It cannot be simply placed as the victim of the reform interest game and "punished faster". The captive power plant is the reference for the power system reform to advance to the deep water area, projecting the perspective of the stakeholders. At the same time, it also opens the thinking space for re combing the electricity price formation mechanism and reasonably planning the power supply layout. Under the proposition of coordinating economic development, power planning and the interests of all parties, the method of solving the "absolute value" of truly reducing the cost of social energy use can deduce more possibilities of building a "stable triangle" solid state of local economy, enterprise development and market fair competition

rule confusion driven by economic expansion

in different development periods, it is reasonable and necessary for policies to make corresponding adjustments with economic and social development. Combing the 24 governance opinions in the exposure draft, the strict control of the incremental part did not cause controversy, while the focus of public opinion controversy remained on the identification of the "unfair social commitment" of the stock owned power plants and the scale of "recovery efforts"

behind the interest debate, it is not only related to the future development prospects of self owned power plants and affiliated enterprises, but also related to the priority of local GDP and national energy transformation strategy, the tug of war between local policies and national policies, and the multi angle interpretation of the spirit of documents by different departments. In the end, we need to optimize and adjust the rules and provisions that are ambiguous or do not adapt to the new situation on the basis of considering the economic environment and the consequences of implementation

"in June this year, we suddenly received a call notice from the Commissioner's office of the local Ministry of finance, asking for a one-time payment of relevant funds and surcharges for 10 years, otherwise it will be publicized on the website of the Ministry of finance. This huge fee is a fatal blow to enterprises." When visiting a self owned power plant enterprise, the relevant person in charge said, "for administrative fees, taxes and funds, we signed a contract with the local government to clarify the fiscal and tax preferential policies when we invested and built the plant that year. Except for the fees, taxes and funds specified in the contract, all functional departments of the government cannot charge us any other fees. Moreover, we have never received such a collection notice in more than ten years."

it is understood that as the only enterprise with assets of more than 10 billion in the region, at the beginning of the establishment of the plant, the local government not only used its own power plant as an important chip for attracting investment in the region, but also gave preferential policies to finance and taxation. In the production process of more than 10 years, the captive power plant has always been an important production factor provider of the enterprise, and has become an important link of enterprise production. Low cost and uninterrupted electric energy not only creates economic value for enterprises, but also brings billions of profits and taxes to local governments, attracts dozens of supporting and downstream enterprises to invest in the construction of factories, and provides employment opportunities for nearly 10000 people

"It's very sudden for us to levy various funds and surcharges in the past 10 years. We also question the rationality of the levy. The supplementary payment of more than 100 million is probably equivalent to the profit of our factory for 1-2 years. Moreover, in these 10 years, we have never included the recovered part in the cost. In the current economic environment, consumption and exports have decreased significantly. If we really want to levy, we can only solve it through bank loans, which is very important Attack the investment confidence of shareholders. " The relevant person in charge of the captive power plant enterprise introduced to him, "whether it is collecting fees or converting the captive power plant into a public power plant, it is a great impact on private high-capacity enterprises. As an enterprise, we have closer and more real contact with micro things. We hope that the state will also consider micro reality when considering macro policy formulation."

"pay off the funds and surcharges for 10 years in a lump sum within a time limit" is purely an extreme case, "we can't treat us like this for the sake of tax payment" has shouted the aspirations of some private enterprises. It is not difficult to observe from the case that under the situation of obvious increase in the uncertainty of China's economic development and increasing downward pressure, it is the foothold and necessity to support the development of private enterprises, optimize the business environment, clean up non tax income and effectively reduce the burden on enterprises

for a long time, local governments have given priority to GDP in the province and attracted investment with relatively loose and favorable policies; Under the nature of pursuing profits, enterprises expand production capacity and pursue the maximization of scale efficiency; From the perspective of high-quality development of the power industry, the state strives to clean up the "gray zone" of self owned power plants. There is no right or wrong interest subjects, and the government, as the secondary distributor of interests, governs the economy and adjusts the industrial structure with macro policies. If there is no unified responsibility and power framework, the positions and perspectives of different subjects will inevitably form a tug of war in policy implementation. At present, China's relevant laws and regulations are still imperfect, and it is more necessary to avoid rule disputes with clear statements, grasp the lenient and strict scale from the perspective of balancing multiple interests, establish national authority, and maintain the consistency and seriousness of national and regional policies

from the supporting documents of the new power reform to the draft for comments, the collection and payment of government funds and additional fees for captive power plants have been clearly defined at the central level. The standardization and strictness of the collection and payment of fees is the general trend, and the key to implementation lies in a reasonable recovery period, a prudent attitude and appropriate operation methods, so as to achieve neither obliterating enterprises in bearing the investment and operation risks of building captive power plants, While stimulating the local economy and employment and other aspects of indirect social responsibility, let the self owned power plant "convinced" to undertake the society that should be undertaken as a qualified market subject

"the recovery of funds and the implementation of surcharges will certainly cause great negative effects, and let enterprises put nearly 10